What does the term "bandwidth" refer to in networking?

Bandwidth refers to the maximum rate of data transfer across a network. This measurement indicates the capacity of the network to handle data transmissions. Essentially, it defines how much data can be sent or received in a given time frame, usually measured in bits per second (bps), kilobits per second (Kbps), megabits per second (Mbps), or gigabits per second (Gbps). A higher bandwidth allows for more data to be transferred simultaneously, leading to faster service for applications like streaming, video conferencing, and online gaming.

Understanding bandwidth is crucial for network performance and design, as it directly affects the speed and efficiency of data transmission. In contexts where multiple users or devices are accessing the network, sufficient bandwidth ensures that the network can handle the combined load without significant delays or interruptions.