What function does a proxy server serve in a network?

A proxy server serves as an intermediary between a user’s device and the internet, playing a crucial role in enhancing security and privacy. When a user sends a request for data, the proxy server first receives that request, processes it, and then forwards it to the desired destination on the internet. By doing so, it hides the user’s IP address from the target server, thus providing a layer of anonymity.

Additionally, proxy servers can implement filtering rules and security measures that help in defending against various types of cyber threats, such as malware and unauthorized access. This capability makes them valuable in corporate environments where sensitive data needs to be protected.

While some proxy servers might also contribute to network performance improvement by caching frequently accessed content (which can inadvertently boost speed), their primary function and the most significant benefit lies in their role as an intermediary that enhances security and privacy for users. This is why the choice emphasizing their role in security and privacy is the most accurate representation of a proxy server's purpose in the network.