What type of network topology uses a central hub or switch?

Star topology is characterized by having a central hub or switch that acts as a point of connection for all other devices in the network. In this configuration, each device is individually connected to the hub, which facilitates communication between them. This centralized approach allows for easier management and troubleshooting since any issues with one device can be addressed without affecting the entire network.

One key advantage of using a star topology is that if one connection fails, it does not disrupt the rest of the network, making it more resilient compared to other topologies. Additionally, the central hub can help to manage data traffic effectively, ensuring that communication flows smoothly between devices.

In contrast, bus, ring, and mesh topologies have different structures that do not revolve around a central hub. For instance, bus topology relies on a single communication line, ring topology connects devices in a circular fashion, and mesh topology involves multiple connections between devices for redundancy. Each of these alternatives has its advantages and contexts where they are best used but fundamentally differs from the star topology's reliance on a central hub or switch for connectivity.