Which of the following describes the process of subnetting?

The process of subnetting refers specifically to dividing a single IP network into smaller, more manageable sub-networks, known as subnets. This technique enhances network performance and security by isolating traffic within different subnets, thus reducing congestion and improving overall efficiency. By assigning unique subnet masks, administrators can control the flow of data, allocate resources more effectively, and facilitate easier management of IP addresses across larger networks.

Subnetting is essential for optimizing the use of available IP addresses, especially in an environment where multiple networks need to coexist. It allows for the creation of hierarchical IP address structures, making routing more efficient and simplifying network organization.

The other choices involve distinct network processes that do not pertain to subnetting. For example, combining multiple networks into a single IP address space pertains to techniques like supernetting or aggregation, rather than subnetting. Encrypting data involves securing communications over the network and is unrelated to the division of IP address spaces. Lastly, connecting different types of networks generally falls under network bridging or gateway functions, also separate from the concept of subnetting.